Why do only some women develop cervical cancer if HPV is so common? There are several reasons. Although most cases of cervical cancer are caused by HPV, not all HPV infections cause cancer. The immune system of many women can eliminate the virus. When a high-risk type of HPV stays in the body for many years, there is an increased risk of problems. A woman's risk can also vary based on her age, smoking, immune status, and screening practices. Knowledge of these factors can aid women's decision-making with regard to prevention, screening, and early detection.
Where does age fit in?
HPV infections are more common among younger women. In most cases, the immune system will get rid of the virus. Cervical cancer is detected, on average, at the age of 35 to 44. So that's because it can take years for abnormal cells in the cervix to become cancer. But screening can also be significant for older women, as cervical cancer is a possibility in older women.
Other things might increase the risk:
Smoking - Smoking doesn't just bother the lungs. This can cause damage to cells in the body, including the cervix. Smoking increases the risk of women getting cervical cancer.
A weak immunity -The immune system is the body's defence against infection, including HPV infection. If the immune system is compromised, the virus could remain in the body for a longer period than normal.
Missing Screening Appointments
Screening tests can detect abnormal cervical cells before they turn into cancer. Women who are not screened regularly are more at risk of these changes going unnoticed.
Long-Lasting HPV Infection
Most HPV infections go away on their own. When a high-risk HPV infection does not go away, the chances of cervical cell changes increase.
What can you do?
There is no guaranteed way to prevent cervical cancer, but you can get vaccinated against HPV if eligible. Get regular Pap tests and HPV tests. Avoid smoking. Talk to your doctor about unusual test results to reduce the risk.
Warning Signs to Watch For :
In some cases, you might not notice any symptoms in the early stages of cervical cancer. If symptoms do occur, they may be:
Unusual vaginal bleeding
Bleeding after sex
Pelvic pain
Pain during sex
Unusual vaginal discharge
These symptoms may not always indicate cancer, but should always be taken seriously.
Why this matters
Not all cases of cervical cancer are related to the virus. Other factors include age, smoking, immune health, and screening practices. By recognising these risk factors, women can make decisions about their health and go to their GP if they have concerns.