Types of Childhood Cancer: A Guide for Parents

Finding out your child might have cancer can make your heart race. One of the first questions that comes to mind is what type of cancer does my child have? Understanding the different types will prepare you. Know what to watch for.

Blood cancers

These cancers begin in the blood or bone marrow. Leukemia and lymphoma are the most common ones in children.

• Leukemia affects white blood cells. Kids may feel very tired, bruise easily, or get sick often.
• Lymphoma starts in the lymph nodes. You might notice lumps, fevers, or weight loss without trying.

Brain and spinal cord tumors

These grow in the brain or spinal cord. Symptoms depend on the tumor’s location. Children may get headaches, feel nauseous, have trouble balancing, or notice vision changes. Finding them early helps doctors plan treatment.

Neuroblastoma

This cancer tends to start in the adrenal glands around the kidney, but it may start in the chest, neck, or spine as well. Symptoms include swelling in the abdomen, bruising in the eye area, or pain in the bones. It is common in young children.

Wilms tumor

Wilms tumor affects the kidneys and usually shows up in children under 5. Parents often notice swelling or a lump in the belly. Some children may also have pain, blood in the urine, or fever.

Bone cancers

Osteosarcoma and Ewing sarcoma are common bone cancers in kids. Look for swelling or pain in the arms, legs, or joints. Children might limp or avoid using the affected limb.

Other solid tumors

Children can get cancers in other organs, like the liver, eye, or soft tissues. The symptoms may depend on the organ but may involve swelling, lumps, or abnormal changes in appetite or behavior.

A note for parents

Not all aches, swellings, and fevers are cancers. However, when something seems strange, or it occurs regularly, discuss it with the doctor of your child. You are the one who knows your child, and it is better to listen to your intuition.

Quick reference -

• Blood cancers: fatigue, blood, bruising, lumps, and fever.
• Brain/spinal tumors: Nausea, balance/vision problems, headaches.
• Neuroblastoma: lump in the belly, bruising of the eyes, and pain in the bones.
• Wilms tumor: belly swelling, pain, and pain in the urine.
• Bone cancers: swelling, limping, pain.
• Other tumors: swellings, lumps, appetite, or behavioral changes.

Childhood cancers are not common, but it is better to be aware of the type and the signs so that you can take immediate action. Acting early can protect your child and give you peace of mind.