Genetic Counseling: Why PMS2 & MSH6 Matter

Genetic counseling usually enters life after something difficult. A diagnosis. A family history that raises questions. PMS2 and MSH6 often appear in those moments. These genes don’t cause cancer on their own. They affect how the body repairs everyday DNA damage. When repair doesn’t happen properly, errors can collect over time. That’s where risk changes.

What PMS2 and MSH6 do

PMS2 and MSH6 help correct small DNA mistakes. Cells divide constantly, and small errors happen often. These genes help clean them up. When they don’t work as expected, damaged cells can keep growing.

Cancer risk 

Changes in PMS2 and MSH6 are linked to higher chances of colorectal and endometrial cancer. Some families also see ovarian, stomach, or urinary tract cancers more often. This does not mean cancer is certain. Many people with these changes never develop a disease. Risk varies from person to person.

Why do these genes feel different?

PMS2 and MSH6 often carrya lower or later risk than some other inherited cancer genes. Cancer, if it appears, may show up later in life. Because of this, results need careful interpretation. A report alone never tells the full story.

What counseling actually provides

Genetic counseling brings context. A counselor looks at family history, medical background, and test results together.

They help decide:

• Who else in the family may want testing
• When should screening start
• What follow-up makes sense now

Nothing gets rushed.

Screening and follow-up

Some people begin screening earlier. Colon checks may start sooner. Women may need closer gynecologic monitoring. These steps focus on early detection, not fear.

Recommended Screening Timelines

Colorectal screening: The goal is to find and remove polyps early.

• MSH6: Colonoscopy every 1–3 years, usually starting at 30–35
• PMS2: Colonoscopy every 1–3 years, often starting at 35–40

If colorectal cancer appeared early in the family, screening may start 10 years before the youngest diagnosis.

Gynecologic screening (women)

Care focuses on early awareness. Doctors may discuss pelvic exams, symptom tracking, and selective testing based on age and history. Plans differ from person to person and change over time

Why does this knowledge helps

Genetic results can feel heavy. Some people feel anxious, and some may feel relieved. Some feel both. Counseling allows space for that. It also helps families talk more openly and plan without panic. Knowing about PMS2 and MSH6 gives time. Time to watch carefully and to plan. Time to make choices that fit real life. It doesn’t predict the future. It helps people stay prepared for it.