Oral Cancers Linked to Chewing Tobacco and Betel Nut: A Preventable Crisis

Every day, thousands of people in India chew tobacco or betel nut without realising the silent damage they are doing to their mouths. Small habits, like chewing paan or tobacco, can escalate into life-threatening oral cancer. This isn’t just about bad luck—it’s a preventable crisis. Awareness, early detection, and quitting harmful habits can save lives.

Link between chewing tobacco, betel nut, and cancer

Chewing tobacco and betel nut contain compounds that injure oral tissues. Continuous use can trigger mutations, inflammation, and fibrosis, increasing the risk of oral cancer. India records one of the highest oral cancer rates globally, largely due to these habits.

A 2022 study in The Lancet Oncology reported over 120,000 oral cancer cases worldwide linked to smokeless tobacco and betel nut, with South-Central and Southeast Asia showing the highest numbers.

Common early symptoms of oral cancer

Early detection can make all the difference. Look out for:

• Persistent ulcers or sores that don’t heal
• White or red patches in the mouth or on the tongue
• Difficulty chewing, swallowing, or moving the jaw
• Unexplained bleeding, numbness, or pain

Noticing these early signs and visiting a doctor promptly increases the chances of successful treatment.

Screening programs for rural populations

Rural areas often lack access to dental and healthcare services. Mobile clinics, community health workers, and government initiatives bring screening programs to villages. Visual inspections and education about tobacco risks help detect oral cancer early and prevent severe outcomes.

Life feels better without tobacco

Many people have successfully quit chewing tobacco or betel nut. Counselling, support groups, and nicotine replacement therapies help break the habit. A resident of Ahmedabad was diagnosed with oral cancer after years of chewing tobacco. Through timely medical intervention and his determination, he overcame the disease. Today, Shailesh actively participates in awareness programs, sharing his story to educate others about the dangers of tobacco use and the importance of early detection

Support from the government and NGOs

The Indian government addresses oral cancer by implementing such programs as the National Tobacco Control Programme (NTCP), which provides oral cancer awareness, enforces tobacco control laws, and cessation services, and Tobacco Cessation Clinics, which provide counselling in the states. The Tobacco-Free Youth Campaign is aimed at stopping tobacco consumption among the youth through education and enforcement of the law.

Moving forward despite the risk

Oral cancer caused by chewing tobacco and betel nut is largely preventable. Awareness, early detection, and quitting harmful habits can save lives. Government and NGO initiatives together create a path to reduce oral cancer rates in India, one mouth at a time.