Lynch Syndrome: The Hereditary Link to Colorectal and Endometrial Cancers

When we think about cancer, we often consider lifestyle choices or environmental factors. But sometimes, the risk comes from something we inherit.  Lynch Syndrome is a hereditary disorder that significantly increases the risk of colorectal and endometrial cancers. Understanding how to identify it can save lives through early detection and prevention.

What is Lynch Syndrome?

Lynch Syndrome, also known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC), is a genetic condition passed down through families. It occurs when mutations develop in certain genes that are responsible for repairing DNA damage. Because of these mutations, the body is less effective at fixing DNA errors, leading to an increased chance of cancer.

Cancers associated with lynch mutations

While colorectal cancer is the most common cancer linked to Lynch Syndrome, it is not the only one. People with this condition also face a higher risk of:

• Endometrial cancer (uterine lining cancer)
• Cancer of the ovaries
• Cancer of the stomach and small intestine
• Kidney and urinary tract cancer
• Some forms of skin and brain tumors

Women face nearly equal risks of endometrial and colorectal cancer, making screening and awareness crucial.

When to consider testing

Genetic Testing is recommended if:

• Endometrial or colorectal cancer has affected several family members.
• Before turning fifty, a relative received a colon cancer diagnosis.
• You or a close relative has experienced multiple Lynch-related cancer types.
• A doctor notices an alarming trend of cancers in the family history.

Managing lifetime cancer risk

Lynch syndrome indicates a significantly elevated risk of developing cancer, although it does not guarantee it. Being aware of your genetic status enables you to take preventive measures, like:

• Routine examinations to detect cancer early.
• Sometimes preventive surgery is necessary, particularly for women who are at a high risk of developing endometrial cancer.
• Adjustments in lifestyle, such as eating a balanced diet, exercising frequently, and abstaining from smoking and excessive alcohol use.

Preventive screening and surveillance guidelines

• Beginning at age 20 to 25 (or earlier if cancer runs in the family), a colonoscopy should be performed every 1-2 years.
• Women aged 30 to 35 should have yearly screenings for ovarian and endometrial cancer.
• Every three to five years, an upper endoscopy is performed to screen for stomach cancer.
• Routine examinations by a medical staff knowledgeable about Lynch syndrome.

Lynch Syndrome is a serious condition, but information is power. Lynch Syndrome patients can reduce their risk and identify tumours at an earlier, more manageable stage by undergoing genetic testing, routine screenings, and preventive care. Talking to a doctor about Lynch Syndrome could save your life if you have a strong family history of endometrial or colorectal cancer.