Eye Cancer Explained: Retinoblastoma and Ocular Melanoma

Eye cancer is rare but can have serious consequences if not detected early. The two most common types are retinoblastoma, which primarily affects children, and ocular melanoma, which occurs in adults. Understanding these rare eye tumors, their symptoms, and treatment options can help improve outcomes.

Types of Eye Cancer and Who It Affects

• Retinoblastoma is a childhood cancer that develops in the retina. It often appears before age five and can be hereditary or sporadic. Early diagnosis is crucial to preserve vision and prevent spread.
• Ocular melanoma affects the uvea (iris, ciliary body, or choroid) and is most common in adults aged 50-70. Unlike skin melanoma, it isn’t strongly linked to sun exposure, though risk factors include light eye color and certain genetic conditions.

Symptoms and Detection

Symptoms of retinoblastoma include:

• A white glow in the pupil (seen in low light or photographs)
• Eyes crossed (strabismus)
• Swelling or redness
• Ocular melanoma could result in:
• Dark patches or blurred vision in the field of vision
• Variations in the color of the iris
• Light bursts

Treatments: Radiation and Surgery

Radiation therapy, such as proton beam or plaque brachytherapy, targets cancers while preserving healthy tissue.

• For tiny tumors, laser treatment or cryotherapy may be utilized.
• In more severe cases, surgery (enucleation) removes the eye to stop the cancer from spreading.

Vision and Life After Treatment

While some people may require low-vision devices, others may maintain normal eyesight. To track recurrence, routine follow-ups are crucial. Patients can adapt to vision changes using therapy and support groups.

Though rare, eye cancer requires prompt attention. Knowing the signs of retinoblastoma and ocular melanoma can save sight and lives.