Dry Cleaning and Cancer: What’s the Deal with PERC?

Introduction to PERC: The Hidden Hazard in Dry Cleaning

Perchloroethylene (PERC), also known as tetrachloroethylene, has been the go-to solvent in dry cleaning for decades due to its effectiveness in removing stains without damaging fabrics. However, this chemical is far from harmless. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has classified PERC as a possible human carcinogen. It has been associated with neurological and reproductive effects, as well as major health hazards such as liver, kidney, and bladder malignancies. PERC is still widely used in many dry cleaning establishments, despite laws restricting its use, endangering both employees and clients.

The Cancer Connection: What Studies Reveal

Research shows that long-term exposure to PERC common among dry-cleaning workers increases cancer risks. According to a 1995 research, dry cleaners had higher incidences of bladder and esophageal malignancies, and the risk increased with longer exposure. Even at levels below the existing occupational limits, more recent research confirms DNA damage and increased cancer mortality in workers. Regular consumers may also be at risk since PERC residues can cling to clothing and slowly leak into houses.

Safer Alternatives: Beyond Toxic Solvents

• Wet Cleaning:  Uses water and biodegradable detergents, making it safe for delicate fabrics and free of toxic chemicals.
• Liquid CO₂ Cleaning: Pressurized carbon dioxide offers a non-toxic, energy-efficient way to get rid of stains without leaving any negative residue.
• Green-Certified Cleaners: Look for certifications like GreenEarth or professional wet cleaners that avoid PERC entirely.

These techniques demonstrate that dangerous chemicals are not necessary for efficient cleaning and are kinder to clothing, employees, and the environment.

Minimizing Exposure with Traditional Dry Cleaning

If traditional dry cleaning with PERC is unavoidable, take steps to minimize exposure. In order to allow chemical residues to evaporate, first air out freshly laundered clothing outside or in a well-ventilated place for at least 24 hours before wearing. Compared to earlier models, choose cleaners that use contemporary, closed-loop technology, which drastically lower PERC emissions. Additionally, to prevent residual fumes from concentrating, dry cleaned clothing should not be kept in enclosed areas such as closets, wardrobes, or automobile trunks. You can still enjoy the comfort of professional garment care while reducing your chance of breathing in hazardous PERC fumes by taking these steps.

Embracing Sustainable Fashion Care

Sustainable fashion isn’t just about buying eco-friendly clothes, it's also about how we care for them. By supporting PERC-free cleaners and opting for handwashing or steam cleaning when possible, we reduce our exposure to toxins while protecting workers and the planet.
The shift away from PERC is underway, but consumer demand can accelerate the transition. Next time you drop off your clothes, ask: Is my cleaner using safe alternatives? Your health and the environment will thank you.