Women may need to see different specialists at different stages of their healthcare journey. Gynaecology and gynaecologic oncology are both fields of medicine concerning the female reproductive system, but they have different specialties. Understanding the difference may help you to identify a specialist if a test has revealed an atypical growth or other undesirable result.
What does a gynaecologist do?
Gynaecologists deal with various gynaecological and female health issues. They diagnose and manage disorders of the uterus, ovaries, cervix, vagina, and other reproductive organs. A gynaecologist can see you if you have irregular or painful periods, bleeding, fibroids, endometriosis, PCOS, a vaginal infection, symptoms of the menopause, contraception, or fertility issues. Routine gynaecological checks can also include regular pelvic exams and cervical screening. When necessary, gynaecologists are able to carry out various procedures and surgeries. If the examination, scan, or biopsy gives them reason to think that pelvic cancer is present, an appointment will be made with a gynaecologic oncologist.
What does a gynaecologic oncologist treat?
A gynaecologic oncologist is a specialist who treats cancers of the female reproductive system and some complex conditions affecting the female reproductive system. These physicians undergo extensive gynaecological and obstetrical training before receiving extra training in cancer management. They are often used to treat cancers of the cervix, ovaries, uterus or endometrium, vagina, and vulva. They can also treat certain high-risk precancerous disorders. Treatment will depend on the type and severity of the disease. May involve surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy. A gynaecologic oncologist also may collaborate with pathologists, radiologists, medical oncologists, and radiation specialists for treatment planning.
How are the two specialists different?
The major difference is that their focus is different. Gynaecologists address general reproductive or women's health issues, and a gynaecologic oncologist has specialized skills in suspected or existing cancer of the female reproductive tract.
When to consult a gynaecologic oncologist?
You can refer to a gynaecologic oncologist if the biopsy or scan indicates you have cancer, you have a precancerous condition that is deemed high risk, or a complex surgical procedure is likely to be performed. The treatment of a woman by a gynaecologic oncologist does not imply that she has cancer. An abnormal test finding may require a specialist's evaluation to understand the result, and it may not require additional testing or treatment.
The right specialist will depend on the condition. For routine reproductive health problems, a gynaecologist is usually not needed. If you're at risk of having cancer or already have it, you can obtain a referral to a gynaecologic oncologist who can offer you specialized evaluation and treatment.